What is IFC BIM and how to use it in construction projects 

Every construction project requires effective data management and optimal collaboration among stakeholders. Building Information Modeling (BIM) enables the creation of accurate digital representations of projects. However, interoperability between different software applications is essential to maximize the benefits of BIM. This is where IFC BIM (Industry Foundation Classes) comes into play. As an open standard, it facilitates data exchange between various applications, thereby improving the efficiency of construction projects.

1. Definition and history of IFC, an open standard for BIM data exchange 

IFC BIM is an open, standardized, and neutral data format used for exchanging and sharing information within the framework of Building Information Modeling. Developed by BuildingSMART International, IFC enables interoperability between various software applications used in the construction industry. Since its first version was released in 1996, IFC has continuously evolved to meet the growing needs of the construction sector.

Origin and development of IFC

The IFC format emerged in the 1990s when the construction industry began to recognize the potential benefits of digital technologies for improving the design, construction, and management of buildings. BuildingSMART International, previously known as the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), initiated the development of a standardized format to enable better communication between the various software tools used by professionals in the industry.

In 1996, the first version of IFC was launched, marking the beginning of a series of continuous improvements and updates. Each new version introduced additional features and adjustments to address the specific needs of users. The IFC 2×3 version, released in 2006, significantly contributed to its popularity by offering substantial improvements in interoperability and compatibility with various BIM software applications. More recently, IFC 4, released in 2013 and regularly updated since, has further expanded the format’s capabilities, including enhanced support for BIM workflows and new extensions for specific areas such as infrastructure and networks.

Core principles of IFC 

IFC is designed to overcome data exchange barriers between different design and project management software applications. It is based on several fundamental principles that ensure its effectiveness and widespread adoption:

• Openness: IFC is an open format, meaning it is not controlled by any specific software vendor. This neutrality ensures that data can be freely exchanged across different platforms without proprietary limitations. 
• Interoperability: The primary goal of IFC is to facilitate interoperability between software applications. By using a standardized data format, IFC enables architects, engineers, BIM managers, and others to collaborate effectively, ensuring that exchanged data is accurate, consistent, and complete. 
• Extensibility: IFC is designed to be extensible, allowing new classes and properties to be added as needs evolve. This ensures that the format remains relevant and adaptable to technological innovations and new industry practices. 
• Domain neutrality: IFC covers a wide range of construction industry domains, including architecture, structural engineering, building services, and infrastructure. This broad scope allows the format to be used in various types of projects. 

Adoption and standardization of IFC

The adoption of IFC by the construction industry has been gradual but significant. Many governments and professional organizations worldwide have recognized the importance of IFC for standardizing BIM processes and have encouraged or mandated its use in public projects. Several European countries have incorporated IFC into their national regulations and standards for public construction projects

Moreover, IFC has been officially recognized as an international standard by the International Organization for Standardization under the ISO 16739 standard. This recognition has strengthened IFC’s credibility and encouraged broader global adoption.

Advantages of the open format

One of the main advantages of IFC is its non-proprietary nature. Unlike data formats controlled by specific software vendors, IFC is neutral and accessible to all. This promotes its adoption by a wide range of industry stakeholders, regardless of the software tools they use. This neutrality also ensures the longevity of data, making it usable and shareable in the long term, even as technologies and software evolve. 

2. Key benefits of using IFC in construction projects

The use of IFC BIM in construction projects offers numerous benefits, particularly in terms of collaboration, data accuracy, and cost reduction.

Enhanced interoperability

One of the main advantages of IFC BIM is its interoperability. The various stakeholders in a construction project often use different software tools to meet their specific needs. IFC acts as a bridge between these systems, enabling data exchange without loss of information. This interoperability reduces the risk of errors and inconsistencies, fostering better coordination and communication among stakeholders.

Improved data accuracy and quality

Through IFC, data exchanged between different software and participants is standardized and normalized. This ensures precise, consistent, and complete information, which is crucial for effective construction project management. Better data quality also reduces errors, omissions, and misunderstandings, contributing to project success.

Cost and time savings

By facilitating the seamless exchange of information, IFC BIM helps reduce costs associated with rework and coordination errors. Projects can be planned and executed more efficiently, with better resource and timeline management. Using IFC also reduces communication and validation delays, accelerating the construction process.

Flexibility and sustainability

The open format of IFC ensures that data can be used and reused throughout the building’s lifecycle—from design to construction, and through to operation and maintenance. This flexibility contributes to the sustainability of projects by enabling continuous and efficient building information management.

3. Key steps to integrate IFC into a BIM workflow: from modeling to coordination

Integrating IFC BIM into a BIM workflow requires careful planning and execution. Here are the key steps for successful integration:

Planning and defining requirements

The first step is to plan the use of IFC in the project by clearly defining requirements and objectives. It is essential to determine what information needs to be exchanged, at what level of detail, and at which project stage. This planning helps identify software, training, and process needs.

Selecting compatible software tools

The next step is to select software tools that support the IFC format. It is crucial to choose software capable of importing and exporting IFC files without data loss. Major BIM software applications typically offer IFC compatibility, such as the common data environment (CDE) Mezzoteam.

Training and team awareness 

To ensure effective use of IFC, project teams must be trained on IFC principles and practices. This includes understanding file formats, naming conventions, and import/export processes. Raising team awareness ensures smooth adoption and minimizes errors due to misuse.

Initial modeling and data structuring

During the creation of BIM models, data must be structured coherently and in compliance with IFC standards. This includes using standardized classifications, correctly assigning properties and attributes, and creating detailed and accurate models. Careful initial modeling facilitates the export of data in IFC format and its subsequent use.  

Exporting and verifying IFC files 

Once BIM models are created, they must be exported to IFC format. This step involves using BIM software export functionalities to generate IFC files. It is essential to verify the quality of exported files, ensuring they contain all necessary information and meet project requirements.

Coordination and collaboration

IFC BIM facilitates coordination among project stakeholders. IFC files can be shared and used for design review, clash detection, and work coordination. Visualization and collaboration tools compatible with IFC enable teams to work together effectively, quickly resolving issues and ensuring smooth project execution.

Ongoing data management and updates

Throughout the project lifecycle, it is important to maintain and update IFC data. Changes to BIM models must be regularly exported to ensure all stakeholders have the most up-to-date information. Ongoing data management ensures consistency and accuracy of information, contributing to project success.

Integration with other systems and technologies

IFC BIM can be integrated with other systems and technologies used in construction project management, such as Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS), Computer-Aided Facility Management (CAFM) systems, and project management platforms. This integration enables comprehensive and efficient building information management from design to operation. 

IFC BIM plays a crucial role in modernizing and enhancing the efficiency of construction projects. By promoting interoperability, improving data quality, and reducing costs, IFC BIM is an indispensable tool for industry professionals. Integrating IFC into a BIM workflow requires meticulous planning and rigorous execution, but the benefits in terms of collaboration, coordination, and project management are undeniable. For construction companies seeking to optimize their processes and ensure project success, adopting IFC BIM is a strategic and essential step.

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About Mezzoteam

Mezzoteam is a Common Data Environment (CDE) that enables thousands of stakeholders in the construction industry to manage their models, documents and validation processes in complete security. Used from the design phase through to operation, the collaborative BIM platform is available in Cloud or On-premises, depending on project requirements.

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